HECS/HELP Repayment Guide

How HECS repayments work

Compulsory HECS-HELP repayments are collected through the tax system once your repayment income clears $67,000— you don't make separate loan repayments during the year. The ATO works out the amount when you lodge.

Repayments are collected via PAYG withholding. When you start a new job, your Tax File Number declaration form asks whether you have a HECS-HELP debt. If you tick yes, your employer includes an additional withholding amount in each pay cycle to cover your estimated annual repayment. Your employer does not see your debt balance — they only know you have a debt.

At tax time, the ATO reconciles the estimate against your actual repayment income. If payroll withheld too little, you pay the shortfall when you lodge. If it withheld too much, the excess comes back as part of your assessment.

Repayment thresholds for 2025-26 — the marginal system

From 1 July 2025, HECS repayments use a marginal repayment system — similar in concept to income tax brackets. You only repay on income above each threshold, not on your total income, and nothing is owed below $67,000.

2024-25 repayment rates (previous year)

For reference, the 2024-25 system used a percentage-of-income approach with a lower threshold of $54,435. Under that system, your repayment was calculated as a fixed percentage of your total repayment income — not just the amount above the threshold.

HECS indexation

Your HECS-HELP debt is indexed on 1 June each year — most recently 3.2% on 1 June 2025 — using the lower of CPI and the Wage Price Index since the 2023 reform. Your debt grows with inflation even while you make regular repayments.

The timing matters: indexation is applied to your outstanding debt beforeyour repayments for the financial year are credited. Your annual tax return repayment typically isn't processed until after 1 June, so you'll be indexed on the full pre-repayment balance.

On a $50,000 debt, 3.2% indexation adds $1,600 to your balance on 1 June. That is why the timing of repayments and the size of the remaining balance still matter.

Should you pay HECS off early?

For most people, paying HECS off early is an opportunity-cost decision, not a tax strategy: there is no bonus or discount for voluntary repayments (the old 5% bonus was removed in 2017), so the question is whether avoiding 3.2% indexation beats what the same cash could earn elsewhere.

You can make voluntary repayments at any time via ATO online services or myGov. They reduce your principal immediately and lower your compulsory repayment amounts in future years.

How HECS affects your tax return

HECS repayments are not a separate tax — they are collected alongside your income tax through PAYG withholding, then reconciled when you lodge. At the end of the financial year, the ATO calculates your actual repayment obligation from your total repayment income and compares it with what your employer withheld:

• →Under-withheld: You owe the difference when you lodge your return. This commonly happens with multiple jobs, a mid-year pay rise, or forgetting to tick the HECS box.
• →Over-withheld: You receive a refund. This can occur if your employer withheld based on a projected full-year income that was higher than your actual income.

Bonuses are one of the most common reasons for this gap, because the same payment can change PAYG withholding, HELP repayment income, and sometimes MLS at once. If that is the source of the surprise, the bonus tax guide walks through how the one-off payment is treated.

All HECS repayments go directly to reducing your debt balance — they do not count as a tax deduction. To see where HELP sits beside income tax, Medicare levy, and other payroll deductions, the income tax guide lays out the full picture, and the tax refund guide explains why HELP is a common cause of surprise bills.